Planetary Parameters, XUV Environments, and Mass-loss Rates for Nearby Gaseous Planets with X-Ray-detected Host Stars

Abstract

Abstract We leverage Gaia DR2 parallactic distances to deliver new or revised estimates of planetary parameters and X-ray irradiation for a distance-limited (≲100 pc) sample of 27 gaseous planets (from super-Earths to hot Jupiters) with publicly available Chandra and/or XMM observations, for which we carry out a homogeneous data reduction. For 20 planets with X-ray-detected host stars we make use of the photoionization hydrodynamics code ATES to derive updated atmospheric mass outflow rates. The newly derived masses/radii are not consistent with the exoplanet.eu values for five systems: HD 149026b and WASP-38, for mass, and Au Mic b, HAT-P-20, and HAT-P-2 for radii. Notably, the lower mass implies a (Saturn-like) density of 0.86 ± 0.09 g cm −3 for HD 149026b. This independent estimate is consistent with the lowest values reported in the literature. Separately, we report on the X-ray detection of GJ 9827, HD 219134, and LHS 1140 for the first time. The inferred stellar X-ray luminosity of LHS 1140 ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.21</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.19</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>26</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> erg s −1 ) implies that LHS 1140 b is the least irradiated transiting super-Earth known to orbit within the habitable zone of a nearby M dwarf.