Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Pro-Ser Peptide Fish Collagen Improves Skin Moisture and Wrinkles with Ameliorated the Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Factors in Skin Photoaging Mimic Models

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate whether low molecular fish collagen peptide (FC) from <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> had protective effects on skin of photoaging mimic models. We observed that FC supplementation improved antioxidant enzymes activities and regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6] by reducing the protein expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IκBα, p65, and cyclooxygenase-2 in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, FC increased hyaluronic acid, sphingomyelin, and skin hydration by reg-ulating the mRNA expression of hyaluronic acid synthases 1∼3, serine palmitoyltransferase 1, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1, and protein expressions of ceramide synthase 4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, and -9. In UV-B irradiated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, FC down-regulated the protein expression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Fos, c-Jun, and MMP pathways and up-reg-ulated that of the transforming growth factor-β receptor I, collagen type I, procollagen type I, and small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog pathways. Our results suggest that FC can be effective against UV-B induced skin photoaging by improving skin dryness and wrinkle formation through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.