Development of Yttrium-Doped BaTiO₃ for Next-Generation Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

Abstract

The use of electronic devices that incorporate multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) is on the rise, requiring materials with good electrical properties and a narrow band gap. This study synthesized yttrium-substituted barium titanate (Ba_1-<i>x</i> Y _<i>x</i> TiO₃, BYT) using a sol-gel process at 950 °C with varying concentrations of yttrium (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.3). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the tetragonal phase became less pronounced as the yttrium content increased. The samples had varying grain sizes and porosity, with the BY30%T sample having the narrowest band gap at 2.21 eV. The BYT ceramic with 30% yttrium had a thermal conductivity of up to 7 W/m K and an electrical conductivity down to 0.002 (Ω cm)^-1 at 180 °C. The current-voltage characteristics of the BYT MLCC were also studied, showing potential use in next-generation high-capacity MLCCs. This work presents BYT as a promising material for these types of capacitors.