Herbicidal Active Compound Ferulic Acid Ethyl Ester Affects Fatty Acid Synthesis by Targeting the 3-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase I (KAS I)

Abstract

Exploring new herbicide targets based on natural product derivatives is an important research aspect for the generation of innovative pesticides. Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a natural product derivative from ferulic acid, has significant herbicidal activity mainly by inhibiting the normal growth of weed seedling roots. However, the FAEE target protein underlying its herbicidal activity has not been identified. In this study, we synthesized an FAEE probe to locate its site of action. We discovered that FAEE entry point was via the root tips. Fourteen major binding proteins were identified using Drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) combined with LC-MS/MS, which included 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (KAS I) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase I (PAL I). The KAS I and PAL I proteins/genes expression was changed significantly after exposure to FAEE, as evidenced by combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. A molecular docking assay indicated that KAS I and FAEE had a strong binding ability. Combined with previous studies on FAEE mechanism of action, and based on our results, we conclude that FAEE targeting KAS I lead to the blockage of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and result in plant death.