Extraprostatic Production of Prostate Specific Antigen is Under Hormonal Control

Abstract

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Original Article1 Jan 1997Extraprostatic Production of Prostate Specific Antigen is Under Hormonal Control Jurgen Breul, Ulrich Pickl, and Jurgen Schaff Jurgen BreulJurgen Breul More articles by this author , Ulrich PicklUlrich Pickl More articles by this author , and Jurgen SchaffJurgen Schaff More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65328-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful tumor marker in urology. It is produced primarily by the epithelial cells of the ducts and acini of the prostate gland. Extraprostatic production of PSA is provided mainly by the periurethral glands, leading to measurable urine but undetectable serum levels of PSA in women and in men following radical prostatectomy for pathologically localized disease. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effect of continuous testosterone substitution (250 mg. every 4 weeks) on urinary PSA excretion in 20 patients who converted from the female to male gender. We compared the results to urine levels in 20 women who did not receive testosterone. Results: Mean urinary PSA plus or minus standard deviation was 1.73 +/− 1.68 ng./ml. in controls and 12.03 +/− 10.47 ng./ml. in converted patients, a statistically significant difference (p <0.0001). Serum PSA did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that extraprostatic PSA production is under androgen control. References 1 : The clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen: update 1994.. J. Urol.1994; 152: 1358. Abstract, Google Scholar 2 : An analysis of urinary prostate specific antigen before and after radical prostatectomy: evidence for secretion of prostate specific antigen by periurethral glands.. J. Urol.1993; 149: 783. Abstract, Google Scholar 3 : Prostate-specific antigen in urine.. Eur. Urol.1994; 26: 18. Google Scholar 4 : Prostate antigen: a new potential marker for prostatic cancer. In: Methods in Cancer Research XIX. Edited by . New York: Academic Press1982: 179. Google Scholar 5 : Detection of prostate-specific antigen immunoreactivity in breast tumors.. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.1994; 32: 301. Google Scholar 6 : Oral contraceptive-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen in the female breast.. J. Biol. Chem.1995; 270: 6615. Google Scholar 7 : Prostate-specific antigen in milk of lactating women.. Clin. Chem.1995; 41: 54. Google Scholar 8 : Urinary prostate specific antigen levels: role in monitoring the response of prostate cancer to therapy. J. Urol., part 21992; 147: 947. Google Scholar 9 : Immunohistochemical identification of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in female periurethral glands.. Urology1984; 23: 303. Google Scholar 10 : Urinary prostate specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy.. J. Urol.1994; 151: 82. Abstract, Google Scholar 11 : Prostate specific antigen: immunoreactivity in urachal remnants.. J. Urol.1989; 141: 1480. Abstract, Google Scholar 12 : Postcoital detection of a male-specific semen protein.. New Engl. J. Med.1985; 312: 338. Google Scholar 13 : Prostate-specific antigen is not excreted by human kidney or eliminated by routine hemodialysis.. Urology1991; 37: 308. Google Scholar 14 : The `female prostate': location, morphology, immunohistochemical characteristics and significance.. Eur. Urol.1992; 22: 64. Google Scholar 15 : Homology between the female paraurethral (Skene's) glands and the prostate. Immunohistochemical demonstration. Arch. Path. Lab. Med.1984; 108: 423. Google Scholar 16 : The periurethral glands do not have a clinically significant effect on the serum PSA concentration. J. Urol., part 21995; 153: 518A. abstract 1158. Google Scholar 17 : Induction of prostate specific antigen production by steroids and tamoxifen in breast cancer cell lines.. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.1994; 32: 291. Google Scholar Departments of Urology and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Technische Universitat Munchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byOBIEZU C, GILTAY E, MAGKLARA A, SCORILAS A, GOOREN L, YU H and DIAMANDIS E (2018) DRAMATIC SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA AND URINARY PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN BY ANTIANDROGENS IN MALE-TO-FEMALE TRANSSEXUALSJournal of Urology, VOL. 163, NO. 3, (802-805), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2000. Volume 157Issue 1January 1997Page: 212-213 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jurgen Breul More articles by this author Ulrich Pickl More articles by this author Jurgen Schaff More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...