Deep Graph Memory Networks for Forgetting-Robust Knowledge Tracing

Abstract

Tracing a student's knowledge is vital for tailoring the learning experience. Recent knowledge tracing methods tend to respond to these challenges by modelling knowledge state dynamics across learning concepts. However, they still suffer from several inherent challenges including: modelling forgetting behaviors and identifying relationships among latent concepts. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel knowledge tracing model, namely <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Deep Graph Memory Network</i> (DGMN). In this model, we incorporate a forget gating mechanism into an attention memory structure in order to capture forgetting behaviors dynamically during the knowledge tracing process. Particularly, this forget gating mechanism is built upon attention forgetting features over latent concepts considering their mutual dependencies. Further, this model has the capability of learning relationships between latent concepts from a dynamic latent concept graph in light of a student's evolving knowledge states. A comprehensive experimental evaluation has been conducted using four well-established benchmark datasets. The results show that DGMN consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art KT models over all the datasets. The effectiveness of modelling forgetting behaviors and learning latent concept graphs has also been analyzed in our experiments.