Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering · 2022 · 50 citations · 27 references
EngineeringAutomotive EngineeringChemical EngineeringAir PollutionCombustionPhysical ChemistryCombustion FundamentalsCombustion In EnginesDiesel TechnologyEngine EmissionsFuel CharacteristicsParticulate MatterBiodieselDiesel CombustionDiesel Engine CombustionDiesel EnginesGrapheneParticulate EmissionsSoot Particle Size DistributionSoot Particles
Ethanol-blended biodiesel fuel can reduce smoke emissions by over 50% on both a single-cylinder engine and a four-cylinder engine. The average single primary particle size of biodiesel blended diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel soot are approximately 30, 27, and 29 nm, respectively. The maximum graphene fringe length of biodiesel blended diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel CI engine's soot are approximately 5.2, 4.6, and 4.5 nm. The carbon atom density of soot particles emitted from the diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol blended biodiesel CI engines are approximately 102, 91, and 88 atoms/nm3.
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