Epithelial SOX9 drives progression and metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma by promoting immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

Abstract

Epithelial SOX9 is critical in suppressing CD8⁺ T cell responses and modified macrophage function in GAC through the paracrine LIF factor. Cotargeting LIF/LIFR and CSF1R has great potential in targeting SOX9-mediated cancer stemness, T cell immunosuppression and metastases suggesting the novel combination therapy against advanced GAC.