Advances in coatings on Mg alloys and their anti-microbial activity for implant applications

Abstract

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced by calcium phosphate could not show the desired effect on the magnesium breakdown rate. Rapid disintegration rate limited the magnesium alloys used as biodegradable implant material. The rate of degradation can be minimized and biological activity can be improved in the magnesium alloy by Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating with the improvement of bone induction and conduction abilities. Various alkali post-treatment and conversion coating methods are applied to deposit HA coatings and biocompatible dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) on magnesium alloy so that corrosion resistance and surface biocompatibility can be improved to be used in bone tissue engineering applications. Magnesium's corrosion resistance will weaken its antibacterial properties, which are linked to and proportional to the alkaline pH at the time of breakdown. The goal of this study is to bring together and compare contemporary research on different coatings on magnesium and related alloys in relation to antibacterial functionalized activities. A though review has been performed on in vivo and in vitro cytocompatibility, material property, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of the coatings. Increased degradation behavior, biocompatibility, and bioactivity have been achieved following multiple procedures such as alkali treatment with HA electrochemical deposition on magnesium alloy. Multifunctional coatings can make safe and bioactive magnesium alloy surfaces for biodegradable implant applications.