A systematic analysis of the costs and environmental impacts of critical materials recovery from hybrid electric vehicle batteries in the U.S.

Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries

Rebecca E. Ciez, Jay Whitacre · Nature Sustainability · 2019 · 851 citations

Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Lithium-ion Battery +6

Criticality of metals and metalloids

T. E. Graedel, E. M. Harper, Nedal T. Nassar et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2015 · 675 citations · Full text

Efficient Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes by Targeted Healing

Panpan Xu, Qiang Dai, Hongpeng Gao et al. · Joule · 2020 · 637 citations · Full text

Materials Science, Electric Battery, Chemical Engineering +9

The future of automotive lithium-ion battery recycling: Charting a sustainable course

Linda Gaines · Sustainable materials and technologies · 2014 · 445 citations · Full text

Impact of Recycling on Cradle-to-Gate Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries

Jennifer B. Dunn, Linda Gaines, J. L. Sullivan et al. · Environmental Science & Technology · 2012 · 424 citations

Engineering, Energy Efficiency, Energy Conversion +16