Battery recycling is the systematic process of recovering valuable materials and components from spent or end-of-life batteries, typically involving a series of physical, chemical, or electrochemical separation techniques. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the scientific and engineering principles governing efficient material recovery, analyzes the environmental impacts and economic viability of various processes, and examines the logistical and policy frameworks required for sustainable battery end-of-life management. Key characteristics include its multidisciplinary integration of chemistry, materials science, engineering, and environmental studies, focused on maximizing resource recovery and minimizing environmental burden. Its significance lies in promoting resource conservation, reducing waste, mitigating environmental hazards, and contributing to a circular economy for energy storage technologies.