Well-designed two-fold crosslinked biological valve leaflets with heparin-loaded hydrogel coating for enhancing anticoagulation, endothelialization, and anticalcification

Abstract

tests showed that compared with GA-PP, AP + EDC/NHS + CS + Hep-PP has exhibited good endothelialization ability, mild immune response and anti-calcification performance and therefore prompts it to be an extremely valuable candidate for more durable and multifunctional BVLs.