Biomechanical responses of human lumbar spine and pelvis according to the Roussouly classification

Abstract

The well-marched lordotic type 3 lumbar had greater stability, however, a straighter spine (type 1 and 2) had poor balance and load-bearing capacity. The hypolordotic type 4 model showed larger annulus fiber stress. Therefore, the sagittal alignment of Roussouly's type models had different kinetic and biomechanical responses under various loading conditions, leading to different clinical manifestations of the lumbar disease.