Review on Effect of Stress on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle

Abstract

A man can create stress as the result of confinement and an ambitious vision and carelessness.Many people create stress to fulfill their interest of improving production and reproduction, which carries out unconsciously through manipulating animal which is even impossible to adapt to our environment. Reduction in synthesis of milk and susceptibility of dairy cows more to illness is the result of stress, which can affects further directly and/or indirectly metabolic and physiological acclimation. Therefore, this review aims to review effect of stress on production and reproduction of dairy cattle. Stress affects the reproductive performance of both male and females. In male’s quantity and quality of the sperm and females fertility percentage, fertility and embryo quality declines. Moreover, the productive performance of cattle like milk production and growth of cattle is also affected by stress factors.Hence, managing effect of stress factors is aimed at alleviating rather than eliminating the challenges on animals production and providing shelters, insulation in the form of bedding, proper feeding, and reduction of dry matter daily intake, reduction of rumen fermentation activity, reduction of physical activity and direct cooling of animal are needed to alter stress. Furthermore, creating awareness on animal handling techniques, continuing research and development endeavors are needed.