Additive-Induced Film Morphology Evolution for Inverted Dion–Jacobson Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance

Abstract

In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) perovskites have been under intense study. However, these devices always suffer from severe performance degradation. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent environmental stability, but their low power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits their application. Therefore, many strategies have been applied to manipulate the crystallization and suppress the defects and low-n value phases. Additive engineering, as one of the most effective methods to achieve the above-mentioned goals, has been extensively studied. In this contribution, thiourea (TU) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) are successfully employed to contribute synergistically to optimize the crystallization process, leading to an enlarged grain size, smooth and dense surface morphology, and suppressed distribution of n values for improved phase purity. As a result, the optimized inverted Dion–Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskite solar cell (PSC) device delivers an elevated PCE of 12.16% with a significantly improved short-circuit current density (JSC) of 18.78 mA cm–2 and fill factor (FF) of 62.70%. In addition, the optimized devices show good environmental stability when exposed to ambient air.