β2-Microglobulin Maintains Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Induces M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Abstract

β2-microglobulin signaling in glioblastoma cells activates a PI3K/AKT/MYC/TGFβ1 axis that maintains stem cells and induces M2-like macrophage polarization, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor cells and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma.