Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Chemical Composition of Liquid Smoke Derived from Wood Sawdust

Abstract

Liquid smokes result from the process of pyrolysis of biomass as a raw material which generally contains high content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The phenolic compounds, acid compounds, and carbonyl compounds are the main components in liquid smoke and show antioxidant activity. One of the potential raw materials from industrial's waste that has potentiality as liquid smoke is wood sawdust. Phenolic compounds that can be found as a prevalent composition in wood sawdust have antioxidant activity and it is potential to be used as a material for food preservation to maintain freshness and extend product shelf life. The manufacture of liquid smoke from biomass is carried out through several stages, starting from burning biomass at high temperatures (pyrolysis), condensation, and ending up with purification. The purification stage aims to remove toxic compounds resulting in purified products. The present study aimed to evaluate the crude and purified liquid smoke derived from wood sawdust and its phenol composition. Investigation of phenol compound was conducted by Folin-Ciocalteu method and Gass-Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy for further analysis. The crude and purified liquid smoke's antioxidant presented 46.24 g/ml and 1404.89 g/ml respectively. Regarding the total phenolic content, the phenol content in crude liquid smoke was 95.93 gGAE 1.15 gGAE whereas the phenol content on purified liquid smoke was 39.27 2.67 gGAE. Finally, there were approximately seven phenolic compounds observed in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Among the detected compound, Phenol (CAS) Izal and Phenol, 2-methoxy-(CAS) Guaiacol were found as dominant phenolic compounds both in crude and purified liquid smoke. This study proved that high phenolic compounds in crude liquid smoke had the effectiveness for observed antioxidant properties against free radicals.