Viscous Solvent-Assisted Planetary Ball Milling for the Scalable Production of Large Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Materials

Abstract

Ball milling is a widely used method to produce graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials for both industry and research. Conventional ball milling generates strong impact forces, producing small and thick nanosheets that limit their applications. In this study, a viscous solvent-assisted planetary ball milling method has been developed to produce large thin 2D nanosheets. The viscous solvent simultaneously increases the exfoliation energy (Ee) and lowers the impact energy (Ei). Simulations show a giant ratio of η = Ee/Ei, for the viscous solvent, 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of water. The method provides both a high exfoliation yield of 74%, a high aspect ratio of the generated nanosheets of 571, and a high quality for a representative 2D material of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs). The large thin BNNSs can be assembled into high-performance functional films, such as separation membranes and thermally conductive flexible films with some performance parameters better than those 2D nanosheets produced by chemical exfoliation methods.