Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · 2001 · 51 citations · 35 references
Veterinary MedicineAnimal SciencesToxicologyFish BiologyFish PhysiologyHeavy Metal ToxicologyCopper MetabolismCopper ToxicityCopper ToxicologyFish EndocrinologyFish ToxicologyHeavy Metal NeurotoxicityBiomarkers Of Copper ToxicityCopper Exposure EffectsCortisol MetabolismEnvironmental Copper ExposureFish Stress PhysiologyNa+/k+-atpase FunctionNa-k-atpase ActivitySublethal Toxic Effects
Abstract The effects of increased endogenous cortisol levels were compared with those of sublethal copper exposurein the freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to either increased levels of endogenous cortisol (200 ng/ml) or sublethal copper (1.9 μM) alone or were pretreated by elevating plasma cortisol levels prior to copper exposure to assess whether interactions between both treatments occurred. Effects induced by increased cortisol levels included increased Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) activity and increased plasma Na+ and plasma osmolarity, while copper exposure induced anaerobic metabolism, gill damage, decreasing Na+/K+-ATPase activity, decreasing plasma ion levels, and blood thickening. Pretreatment of copperexposed fish with cortisol partially protected these fish by reducing the copper-induced decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Overall, the results obtained in this study argue against a major role for cortisol as an intermediate for the toxic effects of copper.
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Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture
Alan G. Heath, George K. Iwama, Alan D. Pickering et al. · Estuaries · 1998 · 1.1K citations