Fabrication of Cu₂ZnSnS₄Thin Film Solar Cell Using Single Step Electrodeposition Method

Abstract

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited onto Mo-coated and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by using single step electrodeposition technique followed by annealing in N2 + H2S atmosphere. Subsequently, they were applied to the fabrication of thin film solar cells. Upon annealing, the amorphous nature of as-deposited precursor film changes into polycrystalline kesterite crystal structure with uniform and densely packed surface morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study reveals that the deposited thin films are nearly stoichiometric. Optical absorption study shows the band gap energy of as-deposited CZTS thin films is 2.7 eV whereas, after annealing, it is found to be 1.53 eV. The solar cell fabricated with CZTS absorber layer, showed the best conversion efficiency (η) 1.21% for 0.44 cm2 with open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 315 mV, short-circuit current density (Jsc) = 12.27 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) = 0.31.