Tailoring spatial entropy in extreme ultraviolet focused beams for multispectral ptychography

Abstract

Diffractive optics can be used to accurately control optical wavefronts, even in situations where refractive components such as lenses are not available. For instance, conventional Fresnel zone plates (ZPs) enable focusing of monochromatic radiation. However, they lead to strong chromatic aberrations in multicolor operation. In this work, we propose the concept of spatial entropy minimization as a computational design principle for both mono- and polychromatic focusing optics. We show that spatial entropy minimization yields conventional ZPs for monochromatic radiation. For polychromatic radiation, we observe a previously unexplored class of diffractive optical elements, allowing for balanced spectral efficiency. We apply the proposed approach to the design of a binary ZP, tailored to multispectral focusing of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from a high-harmonic tabletop source. The polychromatic focusing properties of these ZPs are experimentally confirmed using ptychography. This work provides a new route towards polychromatic wavefront engineering at EUV and soft-x-ray wavelengths.