The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Infective Endocarditis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To compare and interpret the infective endocarditis (IE) burden and temporal trends globally and in different regions from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on the incidences, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IE were extracted and analysed from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Results: Globally, the number of IE cases and deaths has increased sharply during the past thirty years, and both presented an upward temporal trend annually. However, the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of age-standardized DALYs demonstrated a negative temporal trend despite increasing DALYs. Moreover, graver IE burden was prone to males and aged patients. Meanwhile, different social-demographic index (SDI) regions had different disease burdens, and correlation analyses indicated that SDI presented a positive association with ASIR, no association with ASDR, and a negative association with age-standardized DALYs. Finally, we discovered positive associations of the EAPC of ASRs with the SDI in 2019 but few associations with the ASIR in 1990. Conclusion: Generally, the global burden of IE is ever increasing, and the epidemiology presents substantial heterogeneity in different genders, ages and regions, which may help policy-makers and medical staff respond to IE and formulate cost-effective interventional measures.