<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HG‐15, a Halotolerant Rhizoplane Bacterium, Promotes Growth and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>)

Abstract

Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) reduce salt stress damage in plants. <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HG-15 is a halotolerant bacterium (able to withstand NaCl concentrations as high as 30%) isolated from the wheat rhizoplane in the Yellow River delta. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the plant growth-promoting characteristics of this strain confirmed nitrogen fixation, potassium dissolution, ammonia, plant hormone, ACC deaminase, and proline production abilities. <i>B. subtilis</i> HG-15 colonization of wheat roots, stems, and leaves was examined via scanning electron microscopy, rep-PCR, and double antibiotic screening. After inoculation with the <i>B. subtilis</i> HG-15 strain, the pH (1.08-2.69%), electrical conductivity (3.17-11.48%), and Na⁺ (12.98-15.55%) concentrations of rhizosphere soil significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Under no-salt stress (0.15% NaCl), low-salt stress (0.25% NaCl), and high-salt stress (0.35% NaCl) conditions, this strain also significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the dry weight (17.76%, 24.46%, and 9.31%), fresh weight (12.80%, 20.48%, and 7.43%), plant height (7.79%, 5.86%, and 13.13%), and root length (10.28%, 17.87%, and 48.95%). Our results indicated that <i>B. subtilis</i> HG-15 can effectively improve the growth of wheat and elicit induced systemic tolerance in these plants, thus showing its potential as a microbial inoculant that can protect wheat under salt stress conditions.