A Survey of Collaborative Machine Learning Using 5G Vehicular Communications

TLDR

5G vehicular communications enable autonomous vehicles to share data in real time, facilitating collaborative machine learning that improves autonomous driving performance. This survey reviews how vehicle‑to‑vehicle and vehicle‑to‑everything communications intersect with machine learning for autonomous driving, addressing five key questions about data transmission, management, perception, safety, and privacy. The authors analyze V2V and V2X communication methods used to enhance machine learning, summarizing available data sources and outlining future research opportunities. The survey identifies relevant data repositories and highlights promising research directions for leveraging vehicular communications to advance autonomous vehicle machine learning.

Abstract

By enabling autonomous vehicles (AVs) to share data while driving, 5G vehicular communications allow AVs to collaborate on solving common autonomous driving tasks. AVs often rely on machine learning models to perform such tasks; as such, collaboration requires leveraging vehicular communications to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms. This paper provides a comprehensive literature survey of the intersection between machine learning for autonomous driving and vehicular communications. Throughout the paper, we explain how vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are used to improve machine learning in AVs, answering five major questions regarding such systems. These questions include: 1) How can AVs effectively transmit data wirelessly on the road? 2) How do AVs manage the shared data? 3) How do AVs use shared data to improve their perception of the environment? 4) How do AVs use shared data to drive more safely and efficiently? and 5) How can AVs protect the privacy of shared data and prevent cyberattacks? We also summarize data sources that may support research in this area and discuss the future research potential surrounding these five questions.