Azobenzene-Semicarbazone Enables Optical Control of Insect Sodium Channels and Behavior

Abstract

Photopharmacology uses molecular photoswitches to establish control over the action of bioactive molecules. The application of photopharmacology in the research of invertebrate sodium channels has not been investigated. Here we report several photochromic ligands of metaflumizone. One ligand, termed <b>ABM04</b>, underwent reversible trans<i>-</i>cis isomerization under ultraviolet or blue light irradiation. <i><b>cis</b></i><b>-ABM04</b> had excellent larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LC₅₀ value of 4.39 μM and showed insecticidal activity against <i>Mythimna separata</i> with an LC₅₀ value of 7.19 μM. However, <i><b>trans-</b></i><b>ABM04</b> was not found to have biological activity. <b>ABM04</b> (10 μM) can induce depolarization of dorsal unpaired median neurons and enable the real-time photoregulation of mosquito larval behavior. The precise regulation of invertebrate sodium channels is realized for the first time, which provides a new strategy for the basic and accurate research of invertebrate sodium channels.