Real Time Animation and Illumination in Ancient Roman Sites.

Abstract

Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is the most common cause of skin lesions in free-ranging snakes in North America. Naturally infected snakes with ophidiomycosis (9 carcasses, 12 biopsies) were examined grossly and histologically. These cases comprised 32% of the 66 snake cases submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative-Ontario/Nunavut Node in 2012 through 2018. Affected species included the eastern foxsnake (<i>Pantherophis vulpinus; n</i> = 15<i>)</i>, gray ratsnake <i>(Pantherophis spiloides; n</i> = <i>3)</i>, eastern massasauga <i>(Sistrurus catenatus; n</i> = 2<i>)</i>, and queensnake <i>(Regina septemvittata; n</i> = 1<i>)</i>. Severity of disease varied widely from mild microscopic skin lesions to fatal, necrotizing, and ulcerative facial lesions. Key clinical message: Ophidiomycosis should be the primary differential diagnosis for skin lesions in wild snakes, particularly in southern Ontario.