Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their conjugated derivatives inhibit growth of human cancer cell lines.

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), mainly c9,t11- and t10,c12-isomers, and polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to reduce tumor growth. This study compared, on a set of human tumor cells (breast, lung, colon, prostate and melanoma), the antiproliferative effects of: i) trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) vs. cis MUFA and MUFA vs. PUFA, ii) individual isomers of CLA vs. linoleic acid, iii) CLA-conjugated derivatives vs. their non-conjugated homologues and vs. CLA isomers. Tumor cells were exposed to medium containing individual FA (100 microM) for 48 h and their proliferation was determined by measuring the cellular DNA content (fluorescent Hoechst 33342 dye). The antiproliferative effects of FA varied with the type of cells and were mainly dependent on the degree of unsaturation and on the position and configuration of their double bonds. One isomer of CLA (t9,t11-18:2) and CLA-conjugated derivatives exhibited the strongest growth-inhibitory effect against cancer cells. These results suggest that ruminant products contain active compounds against human tumor cell proliferation.