Elucidating the role of metal-ion co-doping towards boosting upconversion luminescence in gadolinium vanadate

Abstract

Effect of (a) particle size, (b) lattice shrinkage, and (c) vacancies on the upconversion luminescence in GdVO 4 :Yb 3+ /Er 3+ . The colored spheres represent the different systems (left) with the respective volumes being proportional to the quantum yield.