Advancements in Vehicular Communication Technologies: C-V2X and NR-V2X Comparison

TLDR

C‑V2X, a key vehicular communication technology developed by 3GPP from LTE device‑to‑device, is widely endorsed but its mode‑4 performance degrades as vehicle density rises. The article evaluates NR‑V2X advancements against C‑V2X and proposes practical solutions for resource‑selection problems. The study employs mode‑4 semi‑persistent sensing, NR‑V2X modes 1–2 with sub‑modes, and an ns‑3 sub‑6 GHz simulator to compare performance with C‑V2X.

Abstract

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the key enabling vehicular communication technologies endorsed by the vehicular industry, scientists, and researchers. Introduced by the 3GPP, LTE device-to-device in Release 12 evolved into C-V2X with mode 3 and mode 4. In mode 4, semi-persistent -scheduling-based sensing is performed by vehicles to select resources. However, when the density of vehicles increases, the performance of C-V2X mode 4 degrades. To address this challenge, 3GPP Release 16 introduced New Radio (NR) for V2X services, also known as NR-V2X. Modes 1 and 2 along with four additional sub-modes were considered in NR-V2X to achieve high reliability and higher throughput with low latency. This article discusses and evaluates the advancements introduced in NR-V2X by comparative analysis with C-V2X. To compare the performance, an NR-V2X simulator based on a network simulator (ns-3) for sub-6 GHz band is also introduced. In addition, feasible practical solutions to resolve resource selection problems are also discussed.