Identification and Differentiation of Wide Edible Mushrooms Based on Lipidomics Profiling Combined with Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

Mushroom, as a kind of higher fungus, is a precious homology resource of medicine and foods. In this study, total lipids were extracted from eight wild edible mushrooms and subsequently characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. 20 lipid classes and 173 molecular species were identified and quantified. Lipid molecules and their concentrations in <i>Boletus speciosus</i>, <i>Boletus bainiugan,</i> and <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> exhibited significantly different behaviors compared with the remaining mushrooms. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that lipid profiles of <i>B. bainiugan</i> were most similar to <i>B. speciosus</i> followed by <i>T. matsutake</i>, <i>Canthar-ellus cibarius</i>, <i>Sarcodon aspratu</i>, <i>Termitomyces eurrhizus</i>, <i>Laccaria laccata,</i> and <i>Thelephora ganbajun</i>. In addition, several differential lipids can be considered as potential biomarkers to distinguish different mushroom species, for instance, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (16:1) and ceramide non-hydroxy fatty acid-dihydrosphingosine (d23:0-10:0). This study provided a new perspective to discriminate the mushroom species from the perspective of lipidomics.