Influence of sintering behavior on the microstructure and electrical properties of BaTiO₃ lead-free ceramics from hydrothermal synthesized precursor nanoparticles

Abstract

BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method using amorphous phase TiO 2 precursor as the Ti-source. The microstructure and phase structure were determined using XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy analysis results. The results showed that BaTiO 3 nanoparticles have tetragonal structure, average size of about 100 nm was obtained at Ba/Ti ratio of 1.5, synthesis temperature of 200 ∘ C and reaction time of 12 h. The components of the BaTiO 3 lead-free ceramic system are fabricated by conventional solid-phase reaction from the average size BaTiO 3 particles about 100 nm obtained by hydrothermal process. The effects of sintering behavior on dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BT high-density ceramic were studied. The BaTiO 3 ceramic composition sintered at 1300 ∘ C has a relative density of 97%, the value of the electromechanical coefficient [Formula: see text] = 0.40, [Formula: see text] = 0.42, the large piezoelectric coefficient [Formula: see text] = 300 pC/N, [Formula: see text]125 pC/N.