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Comprehensive review of retinal blood vessel segmentation and classification techniques: intelligent solutions for green computing in medical images, current challenges, open issues, and knowledge gaps in fundus medical images

EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringImage AnalysisData SciencePattern RecognitionMachine VisionComprehensive ReviewMedical ImagingOphthalmologyVascular ImageVisual DiagnosisMedical Image ComputingComputer VisionFundus Medical ImagesBioimage AnalysisBiomedical ImagingClassification TechniquesComputer-aided DiagnosisImage Segmentation