Correlative Biomarker Analysis of Intrinsic Subtypes and Efficacy Across the MONALEESA Phase III Studies

Abstract

PURPOSE The prognostic and predictive value of intrinsic subtypes in hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy and ribociclib (RIB) is currently unknown. We evaluated the association of intrinsic subtypes with progression-free survival (PFS) in the MONALEESA trials. METHODS A retrospective and exploratory PAM50-based analysis of tumor samples from the phase III MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, and MONALEESA-7 trials was undertaken. The prognostic relationship of PAM50-based subtypes with PFS and risk of disease progression by subtype and treatment were evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for age, prior chemotherapy, performance status, visceral disease, bone-only metastases, histological grade, number of metastatic sites, prior endocrine therapy, and de novo metastatic disease. RESULTS Overall, 1,153 tumors from the RIB (n = 667) and placebo (n = 486) cohorts were robustly profiled. Subtype distribution was luminal A (LumA), 46.8%; luminal B (LumB), 24.0%; normal-like, 14.1%; HER2-enriched (HER2E), 12.6%; and basal-like, 2.4% and was generally consistent across treatment arms and trials. The associations between subtypes and PFS were statistically significant in both arms ( P < .001). The risks of disease progression for LumB, HER2E, and basal-like subtypes were 1.44, 2.32, and 3.87 times higher compared with those for LumA, respectively. All subtypes except basal-like demonstrated significant PFS benefit with RIB. HER2E (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; P < .0001), LumB (HR, 0.52; P < .0001), LumA (HR, 0.63; P = .0007), and normal-like (HR, 0.47; P = .0005) subtypes derived benefit from RIB. Patients with basal-like subtype (n = 28) did not derive benefit from RIB (HR, 1.14; P = .78). CONCLUSION In this retrospective exploratory analysis of hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer, each intrinsic subtype exhibited a consistent PFS benefit with RIB, except for basal-like.