Icing after eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage perturbs the disappearance of necrotic muscle fibers and phenotypic dynamics of macrophages in mice

Abstract

Icing blunted the muscle regeneration by perturbing the infiltration of polynuclear and mononuclear cells into necrotic myofibers and the phenotypic dynamics of macrophages rather than affecting the myogenic regulatory factors. Because of icing, the disappearance of necrotic muscle debris was retarded, coinciding with the delayed emergence and sustained accumulation of Pax7 + cells within the regenerating area. The expression patterns of TNF-α and IL-10 were altered by icing consistent with the perturbation of the macrophage phenotype.