Degradation of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) by a Green Process Based on Peroxymonocarbonate Oxidation System

Abstract

The effectiveness of peroxymonocarbonate ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:msubsup> <a:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <a:mrow> <a:mtext>HCO</a:mtext> </a:mrow> </a:mstyle> <a:mn>4</a:mn> <a:mo>−</a:mo> </a:msubsup> </a:math> ) on the degradation of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) textile dye was investigated in this study. The formation kinetics of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <d:msubsup> <d:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <d:mrow> <d:mtext>HCO</d:mtext> </d:mrow> </d:mstyle> <d:mn>4</d:mn> <d:mo>−</d:mo> </d:msubsup> </d:math> produced in situ in a <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <g:msub> <g:mrow> <g:mtext>H</g:mtext> </g:mrow> <g:mrow> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msub> <g:msub> <g:mrow> <g:mtext>O</g:mtext> </g:mrow> <g:mrow> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msub> <g:mo>−</g:mo> <g:msubsup> <g:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <g:mrow> <g:mtext>HCO</g:mtext> </g:mrow> </g:mstyle> <g:mn>3</g:mn> <g:mo>−</g:mo> </g:msubsup> </g:math> system was studied to control the experimental conditions for the investigation of RB19 degradation at mild conditions. The effects of metallic ion catalysts, the pH, the input <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <j:msubsup> <j:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <j:mrow> <j:mtext>HCO</j:mtext> </j:mrow> </j:mstyle> <j:mn>3</j:mn> <j:mo>−</j:mo> </j:msubsup> </j:math> and Co2+ concentrations, and UV irradiation were studied. The obtained result showed that Co2+ ion gave the highest efficiency on accelerating the rate of RB19 degradation by the H2O2– <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <m:msubsup> <m:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>HCO</m:mtext> </m:mrow> </m:mstyle> <m:mn>3</m:mn> <m:mo>−</m:mo> </m:msubsup> </m:math> system. In the pH range of 7–10, the higher pH values resulted in faster dye degradation. The reaction orders of the RB19 degradation with respect to Co2+ and HCO3– were determined to be 1.2 and 1.7, respectively. The UV irradiation remarkably enhanced the radical formation in the oxidation system, which led to high degradation efficiencies. The COD, TOC removal, and HPLC results clearly revealed complete mineralization of RB19 by the <p:math xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <p:msub> <p:mrow> <p:mtext>H</p:mtext> </p:mrow> <p:mrow> <p:mn>2</p:mn> </p:mrow> </p:msub> <p:msub> <p:mrow> <p:mtext>O</p:mtext> </p:mrow> <p:mrow> <p:mn>2</p:mn> </p:mrow> </p:msub> <p:mo>−</p:mo> <p:msubsup> <p:mstyle displaystyle="true"> <p:mrow> <p:mtext>HCO</p:mtext> </p:mrow> </p:mstyle> <p:mn>3</p:mn> <p:mo>−</p:mo> </p:msubsup> <p:msup> <p:mrow> <p:mo>−</p:mo> <p:mtext>Co</p:mtext> </p:mrow> <p:mrow> <p:mn>2</p:mn> <p:mo>+</p:mo> </p:mrow> </p:msup> </p:math> system.