Pure Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Right Renal Masses with Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus

Abstract

Despite the technical challenges, pure retroperitoneal LRN for right renal masses with a RV and IVC thrombus is safe and feasible in appropriately selected patients using a retroperitoneal approach. In patients with minimal caval involvement, our surgical approach provided an alternative treatment option, especially when the patients had a history of abdominal surgery.