Surface Modification of Co₃O₄ Nanoplates as Efficient Peroxidase Nanozymes for Biosensing Application

Abstract

Nanomaterial-based mimetic enzymes, called nanozymes, received more and more attention in recent decades; however, their lack of biocompatibility limited the biomedical applications, which could be solved by surface modification. In this work, the Co3O4 nanoplates were modified by different functional groups, including the amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, and sulfhydryl group (NH2-Co3O4, COOH-Co3O4, OH-Co3O4, and SH-Co3O4). And the modified Co3O4 nanoplates were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, TG, and the Zeta potential, verifying the successful modification of different functional groups. Their mimetic peroxidase properties and kinetics process were further studied and showed that the order of their catalytic activities was as follows: NH2-Co3O4 > SH-Co3O4 > COOH-Co3O4 > pure Co3O4 > OH-Co3O4, and the catalysis of modified Co3O4 nanozymes all followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The results indicated that the different functional groups changed their electron transfer ability, and further affected their catalytic activity. H2O2 detection was selected as an application model system to evaluate the modified Co3O4 nanozymes. Compared with other Co3O4 nanozymes, a wider linear range from 0.01 to 40 mmol L–1 and a lower detection limit of 1.5 μmol L–1 was constructed with NH2–Co3O4 nanozymes. The results suggested that surface modification by functional groups was a robust strategy to improve the application of Co3O4 nanozymes. The enhanced catalytic activity and good biocompatibility of modified Co3O4 nanozymes provided valuable materials for the relative application, such as medical detection and antioxidation.