Improving the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via a Novel Additive of <i>N</i>,1‐Fluoroformamidinium Iodide with Electron‐Withdrawing Fluorine Group

Abstract

Abstract Additives are widely adopted for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and proper additive design contributes a lot to PSCs’ various breakthroughs. Herein, a novel additive of N ,1‐fluoroformamidinium iodide (F‐FAI), whose cation replaces one amino group in guanidinium (GA + ) with electron‐withdrawing fluorine group, is synthesized and applied as the additive for PSCs. The electron‐withdrawing effect of fluorine promotes the molecular polarity of N ,1‐fluoroformamidine (F‐FA), enhancing the interaction of N ,1‐fluoroformamidinium (F‐FA + ) with MAPbI 3 . Compared with the nonpolar GA + , F‐FA + improves the crystallinity, passivates the defect, and downshifts the Fermi level of MAPbI 3 more significantly. The charge transfer and built‐in field in printable triple mesoscopic PSCs are therefore enhanced. Moreover, charge transport in MAPbI 3 is also promoted by F‐FAI. With these benefits, a power conversion efficiency of 17.01% for printable triple mesoscopic PSCs with improved open‐circuit voltage and fill factor is obtained with the addition of F‐FAI, superior to the efficiency of 15.24% for those devices with guanidinium iodide additives.