Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Construction of Near‐Infrared Afterglow Imaging Agents

TLDR

Afterglow imaging detects photons after excitation, reducing tissue autofluorescence and increasing sensitivity, but most room‑temperature phosphorescent organic molecules emit only visible light with limited tissue penetration, restricting their in vivo use. The study introduces an organic RTP nanoprobe, mTPA‑N, designed to emit near‑infrared light for in vivo afterglow imaging. mTPA‑N combines the RTP molecule mTPA with an NIR‑fluorescent dye to achieve room‑temperature phosphorescence resonance energy transfer, shifting the phosphorescent emission to 780 nm. The probe’s redshifted afterglow and background elimination enable high‑signal‑to‑noise imaging of lymph nodes in living mice, demonstrating a general strategy to convert organic RTP luminogens into NIR afterglow agents through RT‑PRET.

Abstract

Abstract Afterglow imaging that detects photons after cessation of optical excitation avoids tissue autofluorescence and thus possesses higher sensitivity than traditional fluorescence imaging. Purely organic molecules with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, most RTP luminogens only emit visible light with shallow tissue penetration, constraining their in vivo applications. This study presents an organic RTP nanoprobe (mTPA‐N) with emission in the NIR range for in vivo afterglow imaging. Such a probe is composed of RTP molecule (mTPA) as the phosphorescent generator and an NIR‐fluorescent dye as the energy acceptor to enable room‐temperature phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (RT‐PRET), ultimately resulting in redshifted phosphorescent emission at 780 nm. Because of the elimination of background noise and redshifted afterglow luminescence in a biologically transparent window, mTPA‐N permits imaging of lymph nodes in living mice with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. This study thus opens up a universal approach to develop organic RTP luminogens into NIR afterglow imaging agents via construction of RT‐PRET.