Elucidating the importance of semi-volatile organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation at a regional site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign

Abstract

To investigate the regional secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation at Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China, the chemical composition of fine particles and their gaseous precursors were simultaneously measured at a regional site, Taizhou, during EXPeriment on the eLucidation of the atmospheric Oxidation capacity, aerosol foRmation and their Effects in Yangtze River Delta (EXPLORE-YRD) intensive field campaign from May to June 2018. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) was estimated by both bottom-up and top-down method, i.e. the yield method from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) oxidation, and the elemental carbon (EC) tracer method. Our result showed that the oxidation of alkanes and aromatics measured by GC-MS/FID based on the yield method could only explain 25.3% of the SOC derived from the EC tracer method, in which aromatics were the dominant contributors (23.9%). This percentage increased to 39.5% while two semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), i.e. naphthalene, and methylnaphthalene, were used in the calculation, suggesting the importance of SVOCs on SOA formation. The SOA formation pathways were further explored. The good correlation of SOC and odd oxygen (Ox) indicated the important role of photochemical reactions on SOA formation in the summer of YRD. Our findings evaluated the contributions of VOCs to SOA formation in Taizhou, revealed the importance of SVOCs to SOA formation and highlighted an urgent need for more exploration of SVOCs in the future.