Mid-IR refractive index sensor for detecting proteins employing an external cavity quantum cascade laser-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Abstract

Novel laser light sources in the mid-infrared region enable new spectroscopy schemes beyond classical absorption spectroscopy. Herein, we introduce a refractive index sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and an external-cavity quantum cascade laser that allows rapid acquisition of high-resolution spectra of liquid-phase samples, sensitive to relative refractive index changes down to 10^-7. Dispersion spectra of three model proteins in deuterated solution were recorded at concentrations as low as 0.25 mg mL^-1. Comparison with Kramers-Kronig-transformed Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectra revealed high conformance, and obtained figures of merit compare well with conventional high-end FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, we performed partial least squares-based multivariate analysis of a complex ternary protein mixture to showcase the potential of dispersion spectroscopy utilizing the developed sensor to tackle complex analytical problems. The results indicate that laser-based dispersion sensing can be successfully used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins.