Investigation of the current influence on near-field and far-field beam patterns for an oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Abstract

This experiment presents dynamic behaviors between the operating current and the optical beam images of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with two different aperture diameters of 3 µm (single-mode) and 5 µm (multi-mode). These VCSELs exhibit complex optical phenomena under current injection such as thermal effects, modal competition, carrier distribution, and laser coherence which make the light field distribution difficult to predict. In this report, the DC properties, optical spectrum, and optical images were measured together at different operating currents to accurately evaluate the characteristics of the lasers. Unlike previous works, the variations of the far-field angle were precisely evaluated by the side-mode-suppression ratio (SMSR) of the optical spectrum. In addition to commonly used transform functions such as the Gaussian beam formula, the SMSR provides another tool for the judgment of far-field divergence which could prevent inaccurate analysis. Moreover, the impact of thermal lensing was calculated by the DC measurement and demonstrated by the far-field measurement at high injection current. Through this experiment, the interaction between the injection carrier, thermal lens effect, and current spreading was described as fully as possible.