Functionalized Copper Nanoclusters-Based Fluorescent Probe with Aggregation-Induced Emission Property for Selective Detection of Sulfide Ions in Food Additives

Abstract

In this paper, a novel and facile synthetic method of 3-mercaptopropionic acid functionalized copper nanoclusters with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) induced by Cu²⁺ (Cu²⁺@MPA-Cu NCs) was developed by a one-pot reaction as a fluorescent probe for the detection of sulfide ion (S^2-). The prepared Cu²⁺@MPA-Cu NCs behaved as aggregated clusters and had strong pink fluorescence under 365 nm UV light with excellent fluorescence emission at 610 nm. The quantum yield increased from 0.56% to 4.8% before and after Cu²⁺ added. The presence of S^2- would strongly bind to Cu²⁺, which caused the structure of the aggregated Cu²⁺@MPA-Cu NCs to be destroyed and then the fluorescence quenched. On the basis of this principle, a fluorescent probe was constructed for the detection of S^2- with a very good linearity in the range 0-600 μM (<i>R</i>² = 0.9843) and a detection limit of 26.3 nM. Finally, the nanohybrids were successfully demonstrated for the application in the selective detection of S^2- in food additives. This study essentially paved a new avenue for effectively developing an easy sensor platform for S^2- measurements in food additives.