Synthesis of iron oxide (β-fe₂o₃) nanoparticles from Iraqi grapes extract and its biomedical application

Abstract

Abstract A synthesis of iron oxide (β-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) made using a simple chemical method from a mixture of iron (III) chloride (FeCl 3 ) solution and Iraqi grape extract has applications in the biomedical field. Iraqi grape extract was used to reduce iron (III) chloride salt to iron oxide (β-Fe 2 O 3 ) NPs. The green synthesis method was cheap, non-toxic, safe, and eco-friendly. The iron oxide (β-Fe 2 O 3 ) NPs were diagnosed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-VIS spectrophotometry analysis showed the energy gap (Eg) was 2.9 eV. The peak of strong absorption at 526 cm −1 indicated that a Fe-O vibration band was reported on the FT-IR spectrum. The XRD showed the highest peaks at 102 and 222, with average crystallize sizes between 29–37 nm. Besides, XRD spectrum analysis revealed a cubic structure. The surface morphology of the sample, which was identified using the SEM analysis, found the average grain size was from 49 to 50 nm with a cubic shape. After investigating the inhibition of zones, the synthesized (β-Fe 2 O 3 ) NPs showed antibacterial activity of 18 mm for positive-gram aureus staphylococcus bacteria and 19 mm for negative-gram Escherichia coli baceria.