An AC-Coupled Wideband Neural Recording Front-End With Sub-1 mm²×fJ/conv-step Efficiency and 0.97 NEF

Abstract

This letter presents an energy-and-area-efficient ac-coupled front-end for the multichannel recording of wideband neural signals. The proposed unit conditions local held and action potentials using an inverter-based capacitively coupled low-noise amplifier, followed by a per-channel 10-b asynchronous SAR ADC. The adaptation of unit-length capacitors minimizes the ADC area and relaxes the amplifier gain so that small coupling capacitors can be integrated. The prototype in 65-nm CMOS achieves 4× smaller area and 3× higher energy-area efficiency compared to the state of the art with 164 μm×40 μm footprint and 0.78 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ×fJ/conv-step energy-area figure of merit. The measured 0.65-μW power consumption and 3.1-μVrms input-referred noise within 1 Hz-10 kHz bandwidth correspond to a noise efficiency factor of 0.97.