Fluid overload is a determinant for cardiac structural and functional impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stage 5 not undergoing dialysis

Abstract

Fluid overload was independently associated with LVDD and LVH in patients with DMCKD5-ND. Our study suggests that structural and functional cardiac abnormalities and volume status should be evaluated simultaneously in patients with early-stage DMCKD rather than only DMCKD5-ND, in addition to intensive blood pressure and glycemic control, regardless of evident cardiovascular disease.