Profiling and Identification of Biocatalyzed Transformation of Sulfoxaflor In Vivo

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the biotransformation of the neonicotinoid pesticide sulfoxaflor and the metabolic responses in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sulfoxaflor transformation was catalyzed by cytochrome P450 while five phase I and four phase II metabolites were identified for the first time in vivo. The experimental results demonstrated that sulfoxaflor brought about the metabolic profiling disturbances in liver and bile. Exposure to sulfoxaflor caused dysregulation of bile acid synthesis and reabsorption by the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Our data provided insights into biotransformation of chemicals while enabling the implementation of a new toolbox for the design of sulfoximine compounds.