Design and Analysis of a Short-Term Sensing-Based Resource Selection Scheme for C-V2X Networks

TLDR

Cellular vehicle‑to‑everything (C‑V2X) networks enable direct vehicle‑to‑vehicle communication via the sidelink/PC5 interface, but the sensing‑based semipersistent scheduling (SPS) algorithm’s common sensing can cause resource‑selection collisions, especially under aperiodic traffic, leading to low reliability. This work introduces a short‑term sensing‑based resource selection (STS‑RS) scheme that configures a brief sensing period at the start of each resource unit to decide whether a packet will be transmitted on the chosen resource, thereby aiming to reduce packet collisions. The authors develop analytical performance models for both the proposed STS‑RS and the standard SPS scheme under C‑V2X mode 4 to evaluate their behavior. Simulation and numerical results demonstrate that STS‑RS markedly lowers packet collisions and enhances direct C‑V2X communication performance relative to SPS.

Abstract

The cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) networks can support direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications via sidelink/PC5 interface without cellular infrastructure support. The sensing-based semipersistent scheduling (SPS) scheme is to allow vehicles to autonomously reserve and select radio resources. However, the common sensing nature of the distributed SPS algorithm gives rise to that C-V2X distributed communications can be challenged by the resource selection collisions, especially in aperiodic traffic, which results in low reliability. In this article, we propose a short-term sensing-based resource selection (STS-RS) scheme to reduce packet collisions due to resource contention, where a short-term sensing duration is configured at the beginning of the resource unit right before resource selection, and whether the packet is ultimately transmitted on the selected resource depends on the sensing result. Furthermore, analysis models of the performance for the proposed STS-RS scheme and SPS scheme defined in C-V2X mode 4 are investigated. Finally, simulations and numerical results show that the STS-RS scheme significantly reduces the packet collisions and increases the C-V2X direct communication performance compared to the SPS scheme.