Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis

TLDR

Regulatory T cells normally suppress inflammation in autoimmune diseases, but in multiple sclerosis their frequency, function, and distinct subpopulations are altered, suggesting a role in disease development and exacerbation. The study aims to elucidate how environmental factors alter Treg cell dynamics in MS to better understand pathogenesis and guide more effective therapies. The authors discuss environmental factors that may underlie Treg cell alterations in MS. Animal models confirm the relevance of Treg perturbation, and disease‑modifying drugs can restore Treg homeostasis, partly mediating their therapeutic benefits.

Abstract

Abstract Regulatory T (Treg) cells are known to suppress excessive inflammation in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence suggests that the frequency and suppressive function of Treg cells are altered in patients with MS, which might be involved in the development and exacerbation of the disease. In addition, there are several Treg cell populations with distinct functions, which are differently affected by MS. The importance of these observations is supported by studies using an animal disease model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The environmental factors are also discussed that might underlie the alteration of Treg cells in MS. The perturbation of Treg cell homeostasis could be restored by some disease‐modifying drugs. The beneficial effects of these drugs might be partially mediated by Treg cells. Understanding the dynamics of this population is crucial to reveal the pathogenesis and to develop more effective treatment strategies in MS.