Solitons in Molecular Systems

Abstract

In the paper basic properties of solitons and excitons and the conditions for their formation are discussed. It is shown that solitons are perfect carriers of the energy of hydrolysis of the molecules ATP along x-helical protein molecules without significant losses. The concept of solitons is used to explain the contraction mechanism of animal muscles at the molecular level. The role of excitons is considered for light absorption processes in three-dimensional structures, with the exciton relaxation processes taken into account.